
You’re taught about history, science, and math when you’re growing up. Most of us, however, aren’t taught how to identify or deal with our own emotions, or the emotions of others. These skills can be valuable, but you’ll never get them in a classroom.
Emotional intelligence is a shorthand that psychological researchers use to describe how well individuals can manage their own emotions and react to the emotions of others. People who exhibit emotional intelligence have the less obvious skills necessary to get ahead in life, such as managing conflict resolution, reading and responding to the needs of others, and keeping their own emotions from overflowing and disrupting their lives. In this guide, we’ll look at what emotional intelligence is, and how to develop your own.
What Is Emotional Intelligence?
Measuring emotional intelligence is relatively new in the field of psychology, only first being explored in the mid-80s. Several models are currently being developed, but for our purposes, we’ll examine what’s known as the “mixed model,” developed by psychologist Daniel Goleman. The mixed model has five key areas:
- Self-awareness: Self-awareness involves knowing your own feelings. This includes having an accurate assessment of what you’re capable of, when you need help, and what your emotional triggers are.
- Self-management: This involves being able to keep your emotions in check when they become disruptive. Self-management involves being able to control outbursts, calmly discussing disagreements, and avoiding activities that undermine you like extended self-pity or panic.
- Motivation: Everyone is motivated to action by rewards like money or status. Goleman’s model, however, refers to motivation for the sake of personal joy, curiosity, or the satisfaction of being productive.
- Empathy: While the three previous categories refer to a person’s internal emotions, this one deals with the emotions of others. Empathy is the skill and practice of reading the emotions of others and responding appropriately.
- Social skills: This category involves the application of empathy as well as negotiating the needs of others with your own. This can include finding common ground with others, managing others in a work environment, and being persuasive.
You can read a bit more about these different categories here. The order of these emotional competencies isn’t all that relevant, as we all learn many of these skills simultaneously as we grow. It’s also important to note that, for our purposes, we’ll only be using this as a guide. Emotional intelligence isn’t an area that most people receive formal training in. We’ll let psychologists argue over the jargon and models, but for now let’s explore what each of these mean and how to improve them in your own life.
Self-Awareness
Before you can do anything else here, you have to know what your emotions are. Improving your self-awareness is the first step to identifying any problem area you’re facing. Here are some ways to improve your self-awareness:
- Keep a journal: Career skill blog recommends starting by keeping a journal of your emotions . At the end of every day, write down what happened to you, how you felt, and how you dealt with it. Periodically, look back over your journal and take note of any trends, or any time you overreacted to something.
- Ask for input from others: As we’ve talked about before when dealing with your self-perception, input from others can be invaluable . Try to ask multiple people who know you well where your strengths and weaknesses lie. Write down what they say, compare what they say to each other and, again, look for patterns. Most importantly, don’t argue with them. They don’t have to be correct. You’re just trying to gauge your perception from another’s point of view.
- Slow down (or meditate): Emotions have a habit of getting the most out of control when we don’t have time to slow down or process them
. The next time you have an emotional reaction to something, try to pause before you react (something the internet makes easier than ever, if you’re communicating online). You can also try meditating
to slow your brain down and give your emotional state room to breathe.
If you’ve never practiced intentional self-awareness, these tips should give you a practical head start. One strategy I personally use is to go on long walks or have conversations with myself discussing what’s bothering me. Often, I’ll find that the things I say to the imaginary other end of the conversation can give me some insight into what’s really bugging me. The important aspect is to look inwards, rather than focusing solely on external factors.
Self-Management
Once you know how your emotions work, you can start figuring out how to handle them. Proper self-management means controlling your outbursts, distinguishing between external triggers and internal over-reactions, and doing what’s best for your needs.
One key way to manage your emotions is to change your sensory input. You’ve probably heard the old advice to count to ten and breathe when you’re angry. Speaking as someone who’s had plenty of overwhelming issues with depression and anger, this advice is usually crap (though if it works for you, more power to you). However, giving your physical body a jolt can break the cycle. If you’re feeling lethargic, do some exercise. If you’re stuck in an emotional loop, give yourself a “snap out of it” slap. Anything that can give a slight shock to your system or break the existing routine can help.
Lifehacker alum Adam Dachis also recommends funneling emotional energy into something productive. It’s alright to let overwhelming emotions stew inside you for a moment, if it’s not an appropriate time to let them out. However, when you do, rather than vent it on something futile, turn it into motivation instead:
I recently started playing tennis for fun, knowing that I’d never become exceptional because I began too late in life. I’ve become better and have a very minor talent for the game, so when I play poorly I now know and I get down on myself. When up against an opponent with far more skill I find it hard to do much else than get angry. Rather than let that anger out, I take note of it and use it to fuel my desire to practice more. Whether in sports, work, or everyday life, we can get complacent with our skill and forget that we always have some room for improvement. When you start to get mad, get better instead.
You can’t always control what makes you feel a certain way, but you can always control how you react. If you have some impulse control problems, find ways to get help when you’re feeling calm. Not all emotions can be vented away. My struggle with depression taught me that some emotions persist long after the overflow. However, there’s always a moment when those feelings feel a little less intense. Use those moments to seek help.
Motivation
We talk about motivation a lot . When we’re talking about motivation as it relates to emotional intelligence, however, we don’t just mean getting up the energy to go to work. We’re talking about your inner drive to accomplish something. That drive isn’t just some feel-goody nonsense, either. As Psychology today explains, there’s a section of your prefrontal cortex that lights up at the mere thought of achieving a meaningful goal.
Whether your goal is building a career, raising a family, or creating some kind of art, everyone has something they want to do with their life.When your motivation is working for you, it connects with reality in tangible ways. Want to start a family? Motivated people will start dating. Want to improve your career? Motivated people will educate themselves, apply for new jobs, or angle for a promotion.
Daniel Goleman suggests that in order to start making use of that motivation, you first need to identify your own values. Many of us are so busy that we don’t take the time to examine what our values really are. Or worse, we’ll do work that directly contradicts what we value for so long that we lose that motivation entirely.
Unfortunately, we can’t give you the answer for what it is you want in life, but there are lots of strategies you can try . Use your journal to find times when you’ve felt fulfilled. Create a list of things you value. Most of all, accept the uncertainty in life and just build something. Fitness instructor Michael Mantell, Ph.D suggests that using lesser successes you know you can accomplish. Remember, everyone who’s accomplished something you want to achieve did it slowly, over time.
Empathy
Your emotions are only one half of all your relationships. It’s the half you focus on the most, sure, but that’s only because you hang out with yourself every day. All the other people that matter to you have their own set of feelings, desires, triggers, and fears. Empathy is your most important skill for navigating your relationships . Empathy is a life-long skill, but here are some tips you can use to practice empathy:
- Shut up and listen: We’re gonna start with the hardest one here, because it’s the most important. You can’t experience everyone else’s lives to fully understand them, but you can listen. Listening involves letting someone else talk and then not countering what they say. It means putting aside your preconceptions or skepticism for a bit and allowing the person you’re talking to a chance to explain how they feel. Empathy is hard, but virtually every relationship you have can be improved at least marginally by waiting at least an extra ten seconds before you retake the conversation.
- Take up a contrary position to your own: One of the quickest ways to solidify an opinion in your mind is to argue in favor of it. To counter this, take up a contrary position. If you think your boss is being unreasonable, try defending their actions in your head. Would you find their actions reasonable if you were in their shoes? Even asking the questions of yourself can be enough to start empathizing with another’s point of view (though, of course, getting real answers from others can always help).
- Don’t just know, try to understand: Understanding is key to having empathy. As we’ve discussed before, understanding is the difference
between knowing something and truly empathizing with it. If you catch yourself saying, “I know, but,” a lot, take that as an indicator that you should pause a bit more. When someone tells you about an experience that’s not your own, take some time to mull over how your life might be different if you experienced that on a daily basis. Read about it until it clicks. It’s okay if you don’t spend all your time devoted to someone else’s life, but putting in just some time—even if it’s idle thought time while you work—can be beneficial.
By definition , empathy means getting in the emotional dirt with someone else. Allowing their experiences to resonate with your own and responding appropriately. It’s okay to offer advice or optimism, but empathy also requires that you wait for the right space to do that. If someone’s on the verge of tears, or sharing some deep pain, don’t make light of it and don’t try to minimize the hurt. Be mindful of how they must feel and allow them space to feel it.
Social Skills
Summing up all social skills in one section of an article would do about as much justice to the topic as if we snuck in a brief explainer on astrophysics. However, the tools you develop in the other four areas will help you resolve a lot of social problems that many adults still wrestle with. As Goleman explains, your social skills affect everything from your work performance to your romantic life:
Social competence takes many forms – it’s more than just being chatty. These abilities range from being able to tune into another person’s feelings and understand how they think about things, to being a great collaborator and team player, to expertise at negotiation. All these skills are learned in life. We can improve on any of them we care about, but it takes time, effort, and perseverance. It helps to have a model, someone who embodies the skill we want to improve. But we also need to practice whenever a naturally occurring opportunity arises – and it may be listening to a teenager, not just a moment at work.
You can start with the most common form of social problems: resolving a disagreement. This is where you get to put all your skills to the test in a real-world environment. We’ve gone into this subject in-depth here , but we can summarize the basic steps:
- Identify and deal with your emotions: Whenever you have an argument with someone else, things can get heated. If someone involved is emotionally worked up, deal with that problem first. Take time apart to vent, blow off steam on your own, then return to the problem. In a work environment, this may just mean complaining to a friend before you email your boss back. In a romantic relationship, remind your partner that you care about them before criticizing.
- Address legitimate problems once you’re both calm: Once you’re in your right headspace, identify what the conflict is. Before you jump to solutions, make sure you and the other person agree on what the problems really are . Propose solutions that are mutually beneficial and be sympathetic to any concessions the other person may be unwilling to make (but be sure to stand firm on your own).
- End on a cooperative note: Whether in business or pleasure, relationships work best when everyone involved knows that they’re on the same page. Even if you can’t end on a positive note, make sure that the last intention you communicate is a cooperative one. Let your boss/coworker/significant other know that you want to work towards the same goal, even if you have different views.
Not every type of interaction with another person will be a conflict, of course. Some social skills just involve meeting new people , socializing with people of different mindsets , or just playing games . However, resolving conflict can be one of the best ways to learn how to apply your emotional skills. Disputes are best resolved when you know what you want, can communicate it clearly, understand what someone else wants, and come to favorable terms for everyone. If you’ve been paying attention, you’ll notice that this involves every other area of the emotional intelligence model.
Photos by Tracy Rosen, Lidyanne Aquino, Brad Fults.
What Pocket Users are Saying
Mohsen Suliman
May 12, 2016
It's easy to read and like the skills presented in this article, yet, very difficult to apply when you need them. (personaly speaking).
Pete Roessler
September 12, 2016
Very good article on #emotional #intelligence.
Elena Conacel
February 15, 2016
Samantha Bail
October 2, 2016
I should probably set a reminder to read this every few months.
nehil jain
May 8, 2016
learnt something new :)
mamoun sinaceur
August 3, 2016
Emotion intelligence
Jason CranfordTeague
November 18, 2017
Godiva Golding
January 4, 2018
3.5/5
Worth the Read!
Ahmed El.Hussaini
July 22, 2016
A must read.
Amirreza H.A.
September 20, 2016
Jay Maqsood
February 7, 2016
A promising field with lots of implications/applications in edu. Anyone teaching emotional intelligence in the classroom?
Pirmin Schuermann
January 1, 2017
Jamie Humes
January 12, 2017
101 basics | essentials
Justin Ing
February 7, 2016
a really good article to keep in mind about your professional self
Nate Stokes
May 6, 2016
Some useful and interesting advice and information on this article. I think everyone will get at least one thing out of it, if not more.
Andrew Rispoli
May 8, 2016
Lucy Barnes
September 16, 2016
❤️
Sushant Joshi
June 7, 2016
Quite invaluable advice
Mark Hawkins
January 29, 2017
Great study item
meera lee patel
June 24, 2016
basics
Harwin Pramono
August 20, 2016
Nice article
Whitney Overstreet
December 5, 2016
great article!
Omar Rashwan
December 18, 2016
Carol Meng
January 28, 2017
Increase Self awareness
Liliane Araújo
November 22, 2017
"You can’t always control what makes you feel a certain way, but you can always control how you react. If you have some impulse control problems, find ways to get help when you’re feeling calm."
Lindsay Sims
December 5, 2017
Love.
Abby Giducos
July 6, 2018
The advice about giving yourself a “jolt” is new to me. I’ll try it next time.
Babatunde Kazeem
February 27, 2019
Le Hieu
May 8, 2017
Sarah M
February 17, 2016
Now appearing in schools around more and more which in my opinion is a great thing.
Jose Lobo
April 1, 2016
Complete and useful.
Daniel van der Merwe
August 29, 2016
Lynn Mok
September 18, 2016
Good read on understanding and handling our own emotions
℗ Hines
October 1, 2016
🌹⌛️💰
Jackie Limestone
October 12, 2016
This really makes you think and reflect yourself.
David Goldenberg
October 24, 2016
Good article
Craig Patchett
August 9, 2018
Timeless advice!
Ahmad Alkadri
February 10, 2016
This is very helpful for a dork like me (I think).
Solid Gboson
April 19, 2016
Interesting
Solid Gboson
April 19, 2016
Going through this piece made me find out exactly how I sometimes feel,and it really helped me,dealing with myself emotions,know your worth and the things you're capable of is one thing that can motivate you in life to face any situation you're in,to archiving your dreams,you be able to read and know your emotions!
Didem
April 24, 2016
Recommended especially for engineerds 😝
Juan Ruiz
May 21, 2016
EI
Adetokunbo Olubiyi
June 7, 2016
Excellent reading!
Celena Chang
July 23, 2016
Tip for self control:
Fernando Matarrubia
August 6, 2016
So accurate!
Ibn Shabazz
August 31, 2016
Frank Leonard
September 4, 2016
Keeper.
Chiwei Lee
October 21, 2016
learning
Bang Nguyen
October 31, 2016
Sound interesting!
OG Baller
December 22, 2016
Inner Peace begins here
Rolando Arizpe
March 5, 2017
Esto es algo muy interesante
Craig Dorrans
March 11, 2017
Matt and Audrey (and Chris),
Read and heed this - it is an excellent article that will help you with life if you follow its advice.
Love,
Dad
Ben Feijóo
March 18, 2017
That's
Yvéna Cabral Silva
March 23, 2017
Emotional Intelligence is as important as breathing. Do yourself a favor and hop on this article!
what's in name
September 4, 2017
awesome piece and worth everyone's read.
Alireza Majidi
December 31, 2017
هوش هیجانی
jon morgan
January 8, 2018
for ashley
Oksana Romaniv
January 13, 2018
Abir Chowdhury
February 15, 2018
Ahamdi Okpara
February 22, 2018
Good read!
Paul Robert du Gardier
April 10, 2018
A very good article that helps us develop our social skills and our relationships
Dustin Overson
May 30, 2018
This looks awesome. I'm about to find out.
Dustin Overson
May 30, 2018
Just as hoped for. So far so good.
Roma Gogoi
May 30, 2018
I found it extremely relatable. It has always been really tough for me to keep with my anxiety and the resulting temperament. It always lead to overreacting first and then self pityng.
It's my man who helped me to overcome my situation. I want to thank him for what my parents or even teachers couldn't teach me all these years.
Ankita Jha
June 29, 2018
You should know your feelings/emotions very well so as to make a difference and to know what should you do and when...
Osvaldo Museta
July 4, 2018
For a long time, we have been taught that emotions are weak, that you should suppress them as much as you can especially in the workplace where masculinity and toughness are the way to go, but little did we know the power within Emotional Intelligence and the stability it brings. This is truly and insightful article.
Mel Pullen
July 7, 2018
Great article. People tell me I suffer from Aspergers Syndrome or I’m Autistic. Usually, it’s people close to me, so they’ve seen my behaviour over time.
However, what if it isn’t either but I never successfully learnt emotional intelligence? What if I’ve just never found a reason the change? That people put up with my emotional outbursts and lack of emotional control and lack of empathy because they loved me, imperfections and all?
As a techie, I have always taken refuge in computers, software or other “intellectual” mental activities.
So, instead of thinking that it’s a condition that cannot be changed, I need to take responsibility for trying these techniques.
Having a set of practices pulled together is probably a once in a lifetime opportunity to become a good person. My computers don’t care if I change. It’s the humans around me that do.
Bianca .
August 2, 2018
I agree, we are always taught about numbers and external matter, we are barely taught about handling, altering and understanding our emotions.
Kody Hablas
March 1, 2019
Good read for anyone.
Thanks Thanks
March 7, 2019
Maya oz
May 26, 2019
It should be sustainable though!
Ask yourself; “Can I do this tomorrow again?”
Start small. Start with one sentence everyday for instance. And then second week, make it two.
Consistency is the key. 🔑
Maya oz
May 26, 2019
Practice slowing down your brain.
Let the brain think. Let it do its job.
That way your brain will get stronger as well as you’ll get better at making right decisions.
Vrinda Chaudhary
May 30, 2019
Todd Page
March 1, 2019